CAT5 Working

• CAT5 is a Ethernet Cable used for network communication.
• CAT5 contains eight individual 24-gauge copper wires grouped into four pairs inside the cable jacket.
• Each pair is twisted around one another; hence the name "twisted pair." 
• Three twists are applied for every inch of the twisted pair.
• In eight twisted pairs 2 pairs are used for the data transmission, Remaining are idle.
• The two pair cables are orange-orange strip and green-green strip.
• Terminating both ends of a twisted pair cable is an 8P8C connector or RJ45.
• The pins are designated numbers 1 to 8 and are similarly paired as the wires.

Ethernet Cable Types:

• Generally every Category cable can be used in two ways
• Cross Cable
• Straight Cable
• Generally each pin is dedicated to one functionality.
• 1 and 2 are for transmission positive and transmission negative respectively.
• 3 and 4 are for receiving positive and transmission negative respectively.
• For same device it detects the transmission as the transmission.

Cross Cable:

• Cross Cable is used for connecting the two similar devices.
• That is Computer -  Computer, Switch -  Switch, Router- Router.
• In cross cable positive is replaced by receiving positive (1 pin to 3 pin).
• Transmission Negative is replaced by Receiving Negative.(2 pin to 6 pin).

Straight Cable:

• Straight Cable is used for connecting the two different devices.
• That is Computer - Router, Switch -  Router, Computer - Switch.
• In straight cable both ends are of the same color pin.